1964, Handbook of Pharmacology: The Actions and Uses of Drugs, Appleton-Century-Crofts. Tapp, Ed, Academic Press, New York.Ĭutting, W,C. The retention in rats of an incompletely learned maze solution for short intervals of time. The amount of transfer of training from partial learning after varying intervals of time. Forgetting of an opérant response: Physo-stigmine produced increases in escape latency in rats as a function of time of injection. Optimal tetanic conditioning of heteronymous monosynaptic reflexes. 1937, Pharmacological experiments on mammalian voluntary muscle in relation to the theory of chemical transmission. 1940, Evidences of reminiscence in the rat in maze learning, J. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Īnderson, A.C. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. It means only that a different experimental test of the possibility must be devised. Nevertheless this does not mean that learning is not due to synaptic changes of some sort. Further, Sharpless (1964) has pointed out that learning is not due to simple use of stimulation of a pathway and he therefore questions whether the phenomena studied by Eccles (1961, 1964) have anything to do with learning as observed in the intact organism. However, such an experiment shows only that the computer could store information by using “post-stimulation” alterations in its resistors but not that this is the actual way in which the computer does store information. To use an analogy, if we pass large amounts of current across resistors in a computer, temporary increases in temperature and perhaps even permanent increases in resistance occur. Though changes do occur at a spinal synapse as a result of stimulation, there is no evidence that the changes are those utilized in the nervous system for information storage. However, the evidence that learning is due to changes at the synapse has hitherto been meager (Eccles, 1961, 1964 Spencer and Wigdor, 1965 Beswick and Conroy, 1965 Fentress and Doty, 1966).
It is a simple idea and in many ways an obvious one. The idea that learning and memory are due to some form of change of synaptic conductance is very old, having been suggested by Tanzi in 1893.
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